Oral Medications Used for Premature Ejaculation

Arch Sex Behav 1995;24:447–72. An analysis of selfreported sexual behavior in a sample of normal males. Arch Sex Behav 1984;13:69–83. Incidence and prevalence of the sexual dysfunctions: A critical review of the empirical literature.

• Dapoxetine's side effects can include nausea, headache, and dizziness.
• Topical anesthetics include lidocaine and prilocaine-based creams or sprays.
• SSRIs like fluoxetine, sertraline, may also be used off-label for PE.
• Opioid medications require careful medical oversight due to dependency potential.
• Behavioral approaches are first-line treatment for many men with PE.
• Regular exercise can improve overall sexual function and control.
• Some innovations include vibration devices to delay ejaculation temporarily.
• Medical tests may be recommended to exclude underlying causes.
• Education about sexual response stages can improve control strategies.
• Sex therapy often involves both partners to address relational issues.
• Medications may take several weeks to show maximum benefit.
• Lifestyle modifications, like reducing alcohol, can also help manage PE.

Arch Sex Behav 1990;19:389–408. The Premature Ejaculation Prevalence and Attitudes (PEPA) survey: Prevalence, comorbidities, and professional help-seeking.

• Dapoxetine is contraindicated with certain medications and health conditions.
• Topical creams should be used sparingly to prevent partner numbness.
• SSRI treatment may cause emotional blunting or decreased libido.
• Tramadol's risk of dependency requires careful medical supervision.
• Mechanical devices can provide temporary ejaculation delay.
• Behavioral training involves specific sex exercises for control.
• Mindfulness and relaxation techniques benefit PE management.
• Proper diagnosis is essential to rule out underlying disorders.
• Incorporate partner feedback to improve treatment results.
• Avoid abrupt discontinuation of prescribed medication.
• Lifestyle modifications can include weight management.
• Ongoing research aims to develop more effective PE treatments.

Eur Urol 2007;51:816–23; discussion 824.

Expected duration

Interest in medical therapy for PE is surging. New oral agents are now providing important relief for men afflicted with this condition. On the other hand, no agent provides a cure in lifelong PE, and no medical therapy has as yet received FDA and EMEA approval for use in the treatment of this condition [12]. Studies to date have been relatively few and often limited with respect to the number of patients enrolled and/or the study design [26]. Nevertheless, based on the level of evidence rating of those studies reviewed, both SSRIs and clomipramine have received a grade A recommendation from an expert panel at the Second International Consultation on Sexual Medicine [1].

Therapy and stress reduction

Clinical research in this field is hampered by the complexity, variability, and subjectivity of this complaint. The placebo effect is high and reliable, appropriately controlled studies are in the minority. Carefully devised, methodically conducted research is much needed. SSRIs have been the most promising agents to date. Minor but nettlesome side effects have long been a disincentive to chronic use of these medications. Prevalence, characteristics and implications of premature ejaculation/rapid ejaculation. Etiology of ejaculation and pathophysiology of premature ejaculation. Prevalence of chronic prostatitis in men with premature ejaculation.

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Effects of a new type of 5-HT receptor agonist on male rat sexual behavior.

Cited sources

Colpi GM, Fanciullacci F, Beretta G, Negri L, Zanollo A. Evoked sacral potentials in subjects with true premature ejaculation. ISSM announces new definition of premature ejaculation. International Society of Sexual Medicine Newsbulletin 2007;24:6. Available at 24.pdf (accessed March 24, 2008). Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1981; 15:785–92.

What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Premature Ejaculation?

Pfizer and Bristol-Myers Squibb also have patented agents under development [56]. Although specific data about these compounds are not available at the time of this writing, the Pfizer medication (UK 390957, Pfizer Inc., New York,NY, USA) has been described as a rapid-acting serotonin modulator, i.e., a short-acting SSRI [95]. The Bristol-Myers Squibb drug, BMS-505130, is a potent and selective SSRI with a short half-life with potential advantages in the treatment ofPEbecause of the relatively rapid fall in plasma concentrations [96]. Should these effective, short-acting, “ondemand” agents receive FDA and European Medicines Agency (EMEA) approval for this indication, they could dramatically alter the treatment landscape [12]. Enlivened interest on the part of the pharmaceutical industry would channel a significant increase in funding into this area, which is much in need of improved investigation, awareness promotion, and effective treatment.

Information to gather in advance

Despite these promising leads, it is evident that the recent FDA warning about SSRIs has resulted in a flurry of interest in alternative forms of therapy. Immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated local synthesis of oxytocin and its synthesis-associated protein, neurophysin I, in the epithelial cells of the epididymis [97]. Thus, competing against the SSRI approach, the use of oxytocin compounds as potential therapeutic agents for PE is under investigation [56]. Intervention at other points in the pathophysiologic pathway and topical therapy is also undergoing further testing and improvement [56]. Dietary deficiencies, such as low magnesium intake, may prove to play a limited role [98]. The role of the 5-HT2 receptor in the regulation of sexual performance of male rats.

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Jannini EA, Lenzi A. Ejaculatory disorders: Epidemiology and current approaches to definition, classification and subtyping. Sexual dysfunction in the United States: Prevalence and predictors. The epidemiology of the DSM-III psychosexual dysfunctions. Rapid ejaculation: A review of conceptual, etiological, and treatment issues. Waldinger MD, Berendsen HH, Blok BF, Olivier B, Holstege G. Premature ejaculation and serotonergic antidepressants-induced delayed ejaculation: The involvement of the serotonergic system.

Treatment Options for Premature or Rapid Ejaculation at UCLA

An open-label study involving 80 potent men found that the combined use of sildenafil and paroxetine proved more efficacious than either treatment alone [69]. In treating 138 men with a progressive armamentarium of treatments, Chen et al. obtained best results when the use of sildenafil was combined with SSRIs and behavioral counseling. Sildenafil in combination with paroxetine was effective in97%of patients, compared to an improvement for only 47% using paroxetine alone [91]. An alternate approach combines the use of oral agents with the concomitant application of topical solutions.

More Information

For example, oral fluoxetine, when reinforced by the topical application of lidocaine ointment, effected a “cure” or an improvement in 83.3% of men, compared with 72% of those treated with fluoxetine alone [92]. Combining a psychotherapeutic with a pharmaceutical approach can provide either a stepwise or concurrent integration of psychological and medical interventions [93]. Several investigators have documented the added value of combining psychotherapy with pharmacotherapy in the treatment of ED, utilizing care models that should transfer readily to the integrated multidisciplinary management of PE [33]. Sildenafil has proven helpful as an adjunctive measure in support of a program of SSRI therapy, when combined with psychosexual counseling [91]. Advance in the understanding of PE has been hobbled by a categorical lack of solid studies on which to base clinical decision making. Behav Brain Res 1998;92:111–8. Effect of SSRI antidepressants on ejaculation: A double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled study with fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline.

Remedy	Type	Usage Description	Reported Benefits	Common Side Effects	Notes
Kegel Exercises	Physical activity	Repeatedly contracting pelvic muscles	Improved control	Muscle soreness	No medication involved
Herbal Supplements	Plant-based extract	Taken orally, e.g., ginseng, yohimbe	Possible enhancement of control	Interactions with medications	Evidence varies
Acupuncture	Traditional therapy	Stimulating specific body points	Stress reduction	Mild soreness	Limited scientific evidence

The selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors fluvoxamine and paroxetine differ in sexual inhibitory effects after chronic treatment. Waldinger MD, Zwinderman AH, Olivier B. SSRIs and ejaculation: A double-blind, randomized, fixeddose study with paroxetine and citalopram. Waldinger MD, Zwinderman AH, Olivier B. Antidepressants and ejaculation: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose study with paroxetine, sertraline, and nefazodone.

Ethics declarations

As a case in point, an attempt at performing a meta-analysis of all studies, which evaluate the potential for PDE5 inhibitors in the treatment of PE, found that only 2 of 14 studies assessed the patient’s reaction to his problem (“bother score”), and none took into consideration the partner’s distress. Only 1 of the 14 studies met the criteria for an evidence-based, double-blinded, placebo-controlled investigation, using validated outcome assessment tools and including objective physiological measurements [83]. The artificiality involved in studying PE under conditions necessary for objective, physiological measurement conflicts with attempts to understand, evaluate, and treat PE in its natural setting. Findings derived from studies of stopwatch timed, methodically recorded intercourse do not necessarily correlate well with performance under more spontaneous, private, and intimate circumstances. On the brighter side, a most welcome addition to the field is the recent development and validation of a “user-friendly” questionnaire in 2007 to capture the multidimensional nature of PE and lend objectivity to diagnosing this entity [94].

Early Climaxing Before or Shortly after Penetration

A permanent cure for PE remains a distant goal. In the interim, ideal medical treatment for PE would entail the development of a medication that is effective on a rapid-acting, “on-demand” basis, without impairing the spontaneity and intimacy of the relationship. Sexual side effects (e.g., diminished libido and ED), as well as generalized side effects (e.g., nausea, insomnia, and headache), would be avoided. Novel topical therapies in the form of aerosol (i.e., TEMPE, Plethora Solutions; London, UK) and short-acting SSRI compounds that target the serotonergic system are currently undergoing clinical trials in the United States. Alza/Johnson & Johnson is soliciting an FDA approval for dapoxetine. Jern P, Santtila P,Witting K, Alanko K, Harlaar N, Johansson A, von der Pahlen B, Varjonen M, Vikstrom N, Algars M, Sandnabba K.

Strategy	Description	Expected Outcome	Time Frame	Additional Notes
Mindfulness Meditation	Practice focusing on the present moment to reduce anxiety	Reduced performance anxiety	Weeks to months	Complements other treatments
Sensate Focus Exercises	Partner-based touching exercises to build comfort	Increased control and intimacy	Several weeks	Requires partner cooperation
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy	Therapy addressing thoughts and anxiety related to sex	Better sexual confidence	Several sessions	Often part of a comprehensive plan

Premature and delayed ejaculation: Genetic and environmental effects in a population-based sample of Finnish twins.

Medication Summary

Recent experience with the use of tramadol raises the hope that this might prove to be an agent as effective as SSRIs with less worrisome risk of side effects. The recognition of the high prevalence of PE and its significant impact on quality of life will hopefully translate into novel therapies that offer high efficacy and a favorable adverse effect profile for all forms of PE. Until then, it is wise to remember that no oral medication in isolation will entirely replace the need for compassionate patient counseling, coordinating treatment of the genital function aspects of PE with the management of the often highly charged psychosocial and partnership issues attendant to this condition. Corresponding Author: Hossein Sadeghi-Nejad, MD, FACS, UMDNJ New Jersey Medical School—Surgery, Division of Urology, 185 South Orange Ave., MSB G 536, Newark, NJ 07103-2714, USA. Tel: (973) 972- 4488; Fax: (973) 395-7197 Conflict of Interest: Dr.

Physical causes

Sadeghi-Nejad is a speaker for fildena extra power 150 mg Pfizer, and is an investigator in a clinical trial sponsored by Plethora Solutions. Lue T, Broderick G. Evaluation and nonsurgical management of erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. In: Walsh PC, Retik AB, Vaughan ED, Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, Partin AW, Peters CA, eds. Comparison of efficacy of sildenafilonly, sildenafil plus topical EMLA cream, and topical EMLA-cream-only in treatment of premature ejaculation.